Post Correspondence Problem is a popular undecidable problem that was introduced by Emil Leon Post in 1946. It is simpler than Halting Problem. In this problem we have N number of Dominos (tiles). The aim is to arrange tiles in such order that string made by Numerators is same as string made by Denominators. In simple words, lets assume we …
1. Multiple track Turing Machine: A k-track Turing machine(for some k>0) has k-tracks and one R/W head that reads and writes all of them one by one. A k-track Turing Machine can be simulated by a single track Turing machine 2. Two-way infinite Tape Turing Machine: Infinite tape of two-way infinite tape Turing machine is …
Turing Machine was invented by Alan Turing in 1936 and it is used to accept Recursive Enumerable Languages (generated by Type-0 Grammar). A turing machine consists of a tape of infinite length on which read and writes operation can be performed. The tape consists of infinite cells on which each cell either contains input symbol …
Web Terminology and Characteristics Web Mining is the process of Data Mining techniques to automatically discover and extract information from Web documents and services. The main purpose of web mining is discovering useful information from the World-Wide Web and its usage patterns. Applications of Web Mining: Web mining helps to improve the power of web search engine by classifying …
Introduction Cluster Analysis is the process to find similar groups of objects in order to form clusters. It is an unsupervised machine learning-based algorithm that acts on unlabelled data. A group of data points would comprise together to form a cluster in which all the objects would belong to the same group. Cluster: The given …
What is Naive Bayes algorithm? It is a classification technique based on Bayes’ Theorem with an assumption of independence among predictors. In simple terms, a Naive Bayes classifier assumes that the presence of a particular feature in a class is unrelated to the presence of any other feature. For example, a fruit may be considered to be an …
Data warehouse architecture defines the comprehensive architecture of data processing and presentation that will be useful for data analysis and decision making within the enterprise and organization. Each organization has different data warehouses depending upon their need, but all of them are characterized by some standard components. Data Warehouse applications are designed to support the …
Introduction : Basic Concepts A Data Warehouse is Built by combining data from multiple diverse sources that support analytical reporting, structured and unstructured queries, and decision making for the organization, and Data Warehousing is a step-by-step approach for constructing and using a Data Warehouse. Many data scientists get their data in raw formats from various …
Concurrency controlling techniques ensure that multiple transactions are executed simultaneously while maintaining the ACID properties of the transactions and serializability in the schedules. In this chapter, we will study the various approaches for concurrency control. Locking Based Concurrency Control Protocols Locking-based concurrency control protocols use the concept of locking data items. A lock is a variable associated …
Single process is divided into multiple units and each unit is called as thread or light weighted process. A thread consists of a program counter, a stack, and a set of registers, (and a thread ID.) Traditional (heavy weight) processes have only single thread of control .There is one program counter, and one sequence of …
